According to RJ Secor, there is only one....and he's not telling which one or where.
I know the old Climber's Guide to the Sierra (1971 edition? green cover) had only one unclimbed peak in it. But I went out and climbed it. That was not the one to which Secor refers.
There are some who doubt Secor's veracity on that claim. And then there is the question of what consitutes a peak? Plenty of unclimbed routes and route variations left to be done, though.
I've wondered about the "one remaining peak" claim as well. I've spent hours pouring over maps in search of that one unclimbed peak and haven't found it yet. Maybe it doesn't exist.
In any case, there are many new routes to be had. I've got one on my to do list. A new route on the north face of that peak from the 1971 guide. If someone here decides to poach it, I recommned wearing a helmet...there's a bunch of loose rock on that thing.