With regards to your second question: We hiked the main trail on August 1, just after the full moon, leaving the Portal at midnight. It was our first time up this trail, and although we could almost hike without headlamps, we opted to use ours on their lowest settings. We never felt in any danger of losing the trail, but we did pause briefly a few times between Outpost Camp and Trail Camp to ascertain the route.
If you haven't hiked at night before, be aware that you will be more focused on your feet and the trail than you would be in daylight, and even with a full moon your surroundings will be far less visible. Believe it or not, we were almost through Trail Camp before one of us happened to spot a tent and we realized where we were. I had hoped to fill our water bottles from the inlet of the pond as recommended by Bob R on this board, but in the dark, we couldn't get a good sense of the layout of the area, so we just headed off the trail in the general direction of what we thought was the pond, until we heard, and then saw, running water. On the our way down from the summit (in daylight) I realized that we had almost passed through Trail Camp before we cut over to the pond, and we ended up getting our water very close to the inlet like I wanted, but that was simply dumb luck.