In the winter, I've found that it's quickest to go from SF to Lone Pine via I-5 to Bakersfield, 178 to Lake Isabella, then to 395. 6.5-7 hours. This is probably quicker in the summer than via tioga pass, but the scenery is so much worth the extra 30 minutes. I-5 kills me and driving in the Owens Valley along the Palisades and then the Williamson/Whitney area is a required part of the trip for me.
In Winter, Lone Pine via Reno probably adds an extra 45-75 minutes, but it's infinitely prettier. However, you do run the risk of needing chains either along 395 or 80.
Thing to remember about getting to Tioga Pass via the Bay Area in the summer is that the worst traffic is always going to be 580 from Livermore to Tracy, unless you leave before noon on a given day. the approach to Yosemite can get annoying, but you can usually pass people.
The quickest I've ever made it from Bishop to SF was in 5 hours. That was a Saturday morning at 6 AM. More likely, Bishop will take you 6-7 hours due to traffic. Lone Pine is another hour south from there.